Forecasters predicted about an inch of precipitation, saying the relatively weak system would sputter out by early Wednesday.īut a stronger storm will roll in late Wednesday, bringing with it the potential for debris flows and up to 3 inches of rain through Thursday night. And that can give us more hope.The first of three storm systems expected in wildfire-ravaged Butte County, Calif., dropped a smattering of rain Tuesday. At the very least, some parts of it are changeable. Hopefully, we also see that personality is not as stable and fixed as we once thought. If we see that much of who we are is a response to our environment, we can recognize the importance of changing our environment in ways that help us feel and be better people. It may not seem important to know about how personality is affected by our environment, but I find it's a useful tool for growing well-being. We have individual differences, but those differences can be outweighed by our environment. How might your personality change? Might you think differently (might you be more cynical?), feel differently (might you be less happy?), or act differently (might you steal or cheat to survive?) The social-cognitive theory of personality helps explain why the majority of us do the same things in the same situations. What about if you were going through a really difficult time? For example, imagine you're homeless and completely broke. For example, have you ever noticed that you feel or act differently in different situations? Does that mean that your personality has changed? Or does it just mean that what we think of as personality is something that shifts based on context? More specifically, social-cognitive theory suggests that our personality can be understood as the interaction between our internal qualities and the external environment (Cervone, Shadel, & Jencius, 2001). While the Big Five theory of personality assumes that personality consists of our essential, unchangeable, innate qualities, the social-cognitive theory of personality argues that personality itself is dynamic (Cervone, Shadel, & Jencius, 2001). It also states that much of our behavior-what we might consider to be personality-arises as a direct result of social stimuli. This theory reminds us that we are constantly interacting with our social environment. I believe laws should be strictly enforced.Īlthough the Big Five theory of personality is strong and rigorously tested, it's worth thinking about another less-talked-about theory: The social-cognitive theory of personality. I talk to a lot of different people at parties. Openness to experience (versus close-mindedness). This might include creativity, novelty-seeking, thoughtfulness, being rule-free, imaginative, etc.Neuroticism (versus emotional stability). This might include anger, depression, anxiety, hostility, guilt-proneness, emotional intensity, vulnerability, etc.This might include achievement, autonomy, order, control, rule-consciousness, self-sufficiency, constraint, etc. Conscientiousness (versus undependability).This might include affiliation, cooperation, empathy, friendliness, sensitivity, nurturance, tolerance, warmth, trusting, understanding, etc. This might include activity, assertiveness, attention-seeking, gregariousness, sociability, vigor, etc. And each of these five factors of personality includes hundreds if not thousands of personality traits-traits that are slight variations on an underlying theme (Goldberg, 1993).Īfter much research, a general consensus has been reached (at least among the majority of personality psychologists) that there are five higher-order personality traits (Goldberg, 1993). Each of these five factors is on a continuum where each of us has more or less of the five traits. Unfortunately, the research does not support the Myers-Briggs test or the idea of personality types ( Pittenger, 2005).Īfter decades of research, statistical techniques have largely led researchers back to the five-factor model of personality. For example, you might have heard about the Myers-Briggs Personality measure. And still other researchers suggested that there are personality types. Other early theories proposed more or less than five categories of personality. These five categories appear to be the same regardless of whether personality is measured with self-ratings, observer ratings, or peer ratings (Goldberg, 1993). Early statistical analysis of these common adjectives found that they clumped into five categories. Now we view these adjectives to be examples of personality traits. For example, we might say someone is responsible, creative, emotional, or outgoing. But even back then, we still used adjectives to describe people. Not too long ago we didn't even know we had personalities.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |